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U.S. Army Research Laboratory

LLAMA

A quadruped robot from the United States, first released 2018.

Sources retrieved: 6 September 2026 (A, B, C)

Status
Discontinued
Applications
Research and developmentDefence and emergency response
Indicative price
Not stated
Intended use, per the manufacturer
Rough, uneven terrain navigation; first responder support; security and disaster response operations

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LLAMA, quadruped robot with a flat black body, four legs and an antenna mast, standing on a test stand, JPL studio photo

Manufacturer's own photo.

Specifications

6/33 specifications disclosed 27 not stated

Not statedThe manufacturer states nothing about this field.NoStated: the robot does not have this.A marker with an asterisk (*) also carries a caveat.

Select a source marker for source details and notes.

Physical4/14 disclosed

Weight70kg154lbOur conversion from 70 kg. The manufacturer does not state an imperial figure itself, so the conversion has no source of its own.
Length100cm39.4inOur conversion from 1000 mm. The manufacturer does not state an imperial figure itself, so the conversion has no source of its own.
WidthNot stated
HeightNot stated
Degrees of freedom12DoF
Payload, walkingNot stated
Payload, standingNot stated
Max speedat most 6.48km/hat most 4.03mphOur conversion from 1.8 m/s. The manufacturer does not state an imperial figure itself, so the conversion has no source of its own.
Max slopeNot stated
Max obstacle heightNot stated
Max stair height, continuousNot stated
IP ratingNot stated
Operating temperature, lowNot stated
Operating temperature, highNot stated

Power0/5 disclosed

BatteryNot stated
RuntimeNot stated
Hot-swap batteryNot stated
Charge timeNot stated
Docking stationNot stated

Sensing and autonomy2/6 disclosed

LiDAROnboard LiDAR for terrain sensing and foothold/footstep planning
CamerasNot stated
Onboard computeNot stated
ROS 2Not stated
SDK languagesNot stated
Autonomy featuresInnovative perception, planning and control software (developed by IHMC under ARL's RCTA program) aimed at precise navigation of technical obstacles while remaining robust enough to reject disturbances and recover from unexpected errors, so the robot can keep pace with a human squad over rough terrain.

Payload and expansion0/3 disclosed

Mounting interfaceNot stated
Power outNot stated
Data portsNot stated

Commercial0/1 disclosed

Indicative priceNot stated

Compliance & certifications0/4 disclosed

CENot stated
FCCNot stated
ULNot stated
CCCNot stated

Against the field

Each strip holds every robot of this type in the guide that states the figure, one bar per group of values. Further right means a larger figure, not a better robot.

Weight

70kg154lbOur conversion from 70 kg. The manufacturer does not state an imperial figure itself, so the conversion has no source of its own.

124 quadrupeds state a weight

LLAMA

16 state a higher figure, 104 a lower one. 1 more states exactly the same figure. Log scale: each step along the axis multiplies the value.

Degrees of freedom

12DoF

76 quadrupeds state degrees of freedom

LLAMA

15 state a higher figure, 4 a lower one. 56 more state exactly the same figure.

Max speed

at most 6.48km/hat most 4.03mphOur conversion from 1.8 m/s. The manufacturer does not state an imperial figure itself, so the conversion has no source of its own.

113 quadrupeds state a top speed

LLAMA

LLAMA states an upper limit, not one figure, so it is shown open-ended and not ranked against the others.

Notes

LLAMA is a human-scale, all-electric quadruped built under the U.S. Army Research Laboratory's RCTA program, with NASA JPL (hardware) and IHMC (software).

Uses custom quasi-direct-drive actuators on 3-DOF serial-parallel legs — described as the first all-electric quadruped at this scale, built to keep pace with a dismounted infantry squad.

Sources

One line per source, not per figure: a source has one retrieval date.

  1. Ajpl.nasa.gov/robotics-at-jpl/llama/Main source. Retrieved 6 September 2026
  2. Bieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10876051/Retrieved 6 September 2026
  3. Cihmc.us/quadrupedal-locomotion/Retrieved 6 September 2026

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